...Zahra Ali; Safaa Khalaf The security and military apparatus that was trained, armed, and strengthened in the fight against the Islamic State is now being used to repress political activism against the Iraqi regime. © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University...

... Syria Iraq Palmyra Mosul Islamic State ISIS UNESCO iconoclasm archaeology looting world heritage sites terrorism 344 Far from being senseless acts perpetrated by barbarous savages, ISIS s heritage destruction has been carefully staged and sends clear and deliberate messages. Following...

... of California Shibley Telhami Donald Trump Middle East foreign policy Islamic State diplomacy unilateralism Jerusalem Palestinians Israel Saudi Arabia Iran nuclear agreement PERSPECTIVE Trump s Reckless Middle East Gambles SHIBLEY TELHAMI 359 In recent decades, the inevitable changes...

... Farrar, Straus, and Giroux , 2018 © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California Alison Pargeter book review Burning Shores Frederic Wehrey Libya Muammar el-Qaddafi Benghazi Islamic State Islamists intervention conflict...

... reconquest. A descendent of al-Qaeda, the Islamic State (ISIS), has escalated the gruesome spectacles of its predecessor and in- spired terrorist attacks in US and European cities. Russia has positioned itself once again as a chief foil to the United States by dismembering Ukraine and finding new ways...

... on imported oil, especially from the Middle East. The oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 the first precipi- tated by an embargo by Arab suppliers on sales to the United States (in retaliation for US aid to Israel during the October War) and the second by the Islamic Revolution in Iran sharply reduced pe- troleum...

... civil war Islamic State Barack Obama Russia Vladimir Putin Bashar al-Assad Turkey Libya Iraq Iran Middle East 337 The single most important external factor in the Syrian war s trajectory was the set of foreign policy beliefs Obama held well before the first shot was fired...

...Ewan Stein A new book's argument that Islam is exceptional, with an inbuilt resistance to democracy, sounds to our reviewer like an echo of an earlier era's Orientalist assumptions. Islamic Exceptionalism: How the Struggle Over Islam Is Reshaping the World , by Shadi Hamid St. Martin's...

... The Regents of the University of California Pavel Baev Russia Vladimir Putin military Air Force navy nuclear arsenal foreign policy Ukraine Donbas Crimea Baltic Sea Syria Islamic State NATO Cold War Chechen War Russia s propensity to use military force as an instrument...

...Joshua Kurlantzick Governments in Southeast Asia have adopted policies that are fueling militancy by restricting freedoms and fostering authoritarianism. © 2016 Current History. All rights reserved. 2016 The Regents of the University of California Joshua Kurlantzick Islamic State...

... elections Hamid Karzai Ashraf Ghani Abdullah Abdullah Barack Obama Pakistan George Bush Taliban Mullah Omar al-Qaeda Islamic State China 136 What divides Afghans more than ethnicity or ideology is an unwillingness to share power and a winner-takes-all approach to politics. Afghanistan...

... Emmanuel Todd Kamel Daoud Paris France Muslims Charlie Hebdo Islamic State Algeria Manuel Valls Je Suis public sphere book review 36 Paris, the philosopher Walter Benjamin claimed, was the capital of the nineteenth century, where the innovations of com- merce created...

... consequences. © 2015 Current History. All rights reserved. 2015 The Regents of the University of California Samer Abboud Syria Free Syrian Army Local Coordination Committees Bashar al-Assad Turkey Islamic State ISIS Lebanon civil war 337 With major regional powers in disagreement...

...Kevan Harris The latest political realignment in the Islamic Republic resulted in détente with the West even as regional upheaval has drawn Tehran into overextended military interventions. While Iran's future is uncertain, it is definitely not a hegemon in the making. © 2015 Current History. All...

... Fawaz Gerges jihadism middle east ISIS ISIL IS Islamic State caliph caliphate Islamism islamist fundamentalism fundamentalist terrorist root orgin sectarian co-opt sharia execution al-Baghdadi near east Al Qaeda AQI Qutb jihad jihadist Syria Iraq Kurds Kurd Kurdish...

.... © 2014 Current History. All rights reserved. 2014 The Regents of the University of California Michael Eppel Kurdish nationalism kobani isis isil Islamic state KRG regional government Iraq iran stateless karasu Democratic union PYD Iraq Iran Syria movement nation-state...

... of California Augustus Richard Norton Obama middle east headache Syria Iraq Iran allies policy hallmark revolution uprising qaddafi mccain critic isis isil Islamic state airstrikes campaign arab security council Netanyahu israel apartheid Kerry Saudi PERSPECTIVE...

...Ashraf El Sherif It makes no sense today to divide Arab politics into neatly crafted opposites, the ‘Islamist’ versus the ‘civil democratic’ blocs. © 2011 Current History. All rights reserved. 2011 The Regents of the University of California Ashraf El Sherif Islamism Arab Spring...

... axis evil George Bush Iran Islamic Republic Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Mohammad Khatami reformist September Taliban United States September 11 and subsequent developments have put to rest any idea that reforms will occur quickly in Iran or that relations will be restored with the United...

...James Kurth A dialectical and symbiotic connection, perhaps an escalating and vicious cycle, exists between the [growth of the American Empire and the growth of Islamic terrorism], and the world is about to witness a titanic and explosive struggle between them. © 2002 Current History. All rights...