... of California Zahra Ali Safaa Khalaf Iraq Iran Basra Sunni Shia Kurds Nuri al-Maliki Haider al-Abadi Moqtada al-Sadr corruption sectarianism occupation Islamists Islamic State ISIS oil protests unemployment youth 338 The security and military apparatus that was trained, armed...

...Benjamin Isakhan Far from being senseless acts perpetrated by barbarous savages, ISIS's heritage destruction has been carefully staged and sends clear and deliberate messages. © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California Benjamin Isakhan...

... consequences. © 2015 Current History. All rights reserved. 2015 The Regents of the University of California Samer Abboud Syria Free Syrian Army Local Coordination Committees Bashar al-Assad Turkey Islamic State ISIS Lebanon civil war 337 With major regional powers in disagreement...

...Augustus Richard Norton Many of the Arab states see the uprisings, the Iraq war, and the rise of ISIS as fundamentally related. All of these issues are complicated by the Iran deal. 355 Many of the Arab states see the uprisings, the Iraq war, and the rise of ISIS as fundamentally related. All...

...Fawaz A. Gerges There is no simple or quick solution to rid the Middle East of ISIS because it is a manifestation of the breakdown of state institutions and the spread of sectarian fires in the region. © 2014 Current History. All rights reserved. 2014 The Regents of the University of California...

.... © 2014 Current History. All rights reserved. 2014 The Regents of the University of California Michael Eppel Kurdish nationalism kobani isis isil Islamic state KRG regional government Iraq iran stateless karasu Democratic union PYD Iraq Iran Syria movement nation-state...

... of California Augustus Richard Norton Obama middle east headache Syria Iraq Iran allies policy hallmark revolution uprising qaddafi mccain critic isis isil Islamic state airstrikes campaign arab security council Netanyahu israel apartheid Kerry Saudi PERSPECTIVE...

... genocide genocidaire great Armenia geopolitical overlooked hidden mobilization ethnic groups catalyst Nestorian Iraq ISIS world war one Europe civilization globalization great war trenches France Germany Russia czar czarist dominate ottoman empire Wilson east Asia Middle...