... Nicolas Parent Venezuela refugees asylum law immigration migrants Hugo Chávez Nicolás Maduro Colombia Peru Ecuador Brazil Cartagena Declaration 56 [T]he Venezuelan displacement crisis is a crucial test of the liberal immigration policies that have been adopted across Latin America...

... of California Alejandro Velasco Venezuela Nicolás Maduro Hugo Chávez Constituent Assembly National elections democracy riots food shortages authoritarianism populism working class PERSPECTIVE The Pyrrhic Victories of Venezuela s President ALEJANDRO VELASCO 73 Christmas Eve should have...

... American countries, in prac- tice its impact on policy making elsewhere was relatively limited, with the possible exception of Ecuador. John Crabtree Bolivia Evo Morales indigenous rights national development land reform Ecuador Hugo Chávez climate change cocaine © 2017 Current...

...Michael M. McCarthy The deterioration of Venezuelan democracy that precipitated Chávez's rise and then worsened under his rule has devolved into a turn toward outright authoritarianism under Maduro. 61 The deterioration of Venezuelan democracy that precipitated Chávez s rise and then worsened...

... Mexico Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI Dilma Rousseff Brazil Michelle Bachelet Chile Hugo Chávez Venezuela Evo Morales Bolivia Néstor Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Argentina Rafael Correa Ecuador Fidel Castro Cuba Committees Defense Revolution Colombia A dynamic...

... Maduro government Venezuela United Socialist Party (PSUV) Chavez Chávez petrostate oil charisma economic failure reform Dutch disease Caracazo ideology Perez Pérez Ramirez Merentes pacted democracy opposition Aveledo Democratic Unity Roundtable coalition inter-American...

... revival of post-neoliberal nationalism occurred in Venezuela, whose oil ex- ports had historically enriched only a small sliver of the elite, leaving a yawning gap between the wealthy and the nonelites. Hugo Chávez, who became president in 1999, increased the power of the state, and proved very popular...

... exclusions chavez chicano Nafta network remaking As of 2013, 54 million Hispanics lived in the United States. They make up the country s largest minority, representing 17 percent of the total population. This is also the second-largest Hispanic population in the world (after Mexico s 120 million...

... Chávez succession Nicolás Maduro elections petro-state authoritarian governance 56 For the opposition to win, the regime must become fairer and more democratic, the ruling party must split, and the opposition must remain united. Venezuela s Succession Crisis JavieR coRRales Venezuela is known...

... Union South American Nations Community Latin American Caribbean Nations Mercosur Hugo Chávez United States © 2012 Current History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California 56 Brazil s rise, coupled with the diminished influence of the United States...

... History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California Redeemers Enrique Krauze Octavio Paz Eva Perón Che Guevara Hugo Chávez 77 Redeemers is a simple idea, brilliantly exe-cuted. Mexican historian Enrique Krauze has given us what appears to be an eclec- tic...

...Adam Isacson At a time when few traditional armed conflicts are under way, internal threats continue to anchor the missions of most Latin American and Caribbean militaries. Hugo Chávez militaries Latin America arms race Brazil Venezuela Chile Mexico Colombia Álvaro Uribe © 2011...

... Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Venezuela Hugo Chávez Rio Branco Celso Amorim Itamar Franco Fernando Henrique Cardoso Brazilian foreign policy Mercosul 53 Lula has regarded regional involvement as a means to strengthen Brazilian industry for global competition and to establish his...

... proposed candidacy unconstitutional. In 2009, however, wrangling over presiden- tial term limits resumed. In Venezuela, President Hugo Chávez championed a referendum that erased the term limits his own government had enacted. In Nicaragua, the Constitutional Cham- ber of the Supreme Court of Justice struck...

...William W. Finan, Jr. A new book revisits Venezuela's political crisis of April 2002, when President Hugo Chávez was forced out of office and then quickly reinstated. The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chávez and the Making of Modern Venezuela , by Brian A. Nelson . Nation...

... Latin America United States Brazil Mexico Barack Obama Unasur Mercosur Luis Inacio Lula da Silva Hugo Chavez Rafael Correa 51 Just one month before Barack Obama s historic inauguration, all 33 of the United States south-ern neighbors convened at an unprecedented mega-summit hosted...

...Javier Corrales ‘Socialism for the twenty-first century’ is looking more and more like political suicide in the making. © 2009 Current History. All rights reserved. 2009 The Regents of the University of California Venezuela Hugo Chavez power asymmetry constitutional referendum Radio...

...’ in the 1990s#x2014;have been widely questioned, and largely dismissed. With traditional ideas and structures breaking apart, new leaders are being called on to produce results. © 2003 Current History. All rights reserved. 2003 The Regents of the University of California Bolivia Brazil Hugo Chavez...

...Jennifer McCoy; Laura Neuman Hugo Chávez has taken on the mantle of the people's will. He has also taken on an ever-larger share of political power and shown an increasing interest in spreading his “Bolivarian revolution” to the downtrodden in nearby Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia. © 2020 Current...