... unemployment underemployment part-time work unions immigration workers employers Donald Trump trade tariffs Barack Obama Great Depression 304 [G]iven paltry real wages and the soul-crushing and skill-devaluing experience of long-term unemployment, fewer Americans are working at all. The...

... Pakistan Taliban Haqqani Network al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden NATO United States Tribal Areas Balochistan Jamiat-e Islami-yi Afghanistan General Zia ul Haq George Bush Barack Obama 136 Unless the United States rights its policies with respect to Pakistan, it has no hope of bringing...

... California Michael Boyle Barack Obama United States foreign policy Syria Russia NATO China South China Sea Libya Islamic State al-Qaeda Middle East Iraq drones 10 Historians may well conclude that Obama glimpsed a different world for Ameri- can foreign policy but never exerted the...

... Boyle Barack Obama United States foreign policy Syria Russia NATO China South China Sea Libya Islamic State al-Qaeda Middle East Iraq drones For most of the Petroleum Age, and even as recently as ten years ago, the politics of en-ergy were largely governed by the assump- tion that...

... Menon genocide humanitarian intervention Universal Declaration Human Rights Syria Aleppo Rwanda Libya al-Qaddafi Barack Obama global norms PERSPECTIVE Does an international community exist? Up to a point. Certainly, world politics cannot be reduced to a ceaseless Hobbes- ian rivalry...

... civil war Islamic State Barack Obama Russia Vladimir Putin Bashar al-Assad Turkey Libya Iraq Iran Middle East 337 The single most important external factor in the Syrian war s trajectory was the set of foreign policy beliefs Obama held well before the first shot was fired. The...

... University of California Mark Beeson China South China Sea Philippines Vietnam Japan Australia United States maritime law Barack Obama Xi Jinping ASEAN nationalism United Nations Convention Law Sea How times change. Only a few years ago the East Asian region was known primarily...

... Adrienne LeBas Africa Burkina Faso Kenya Zambia term limits political parties elections democracy Barack Obama 169 Executives are able to act with impunity because there is no strong, organized opposition to challenge entrenched incumbents and push them toward a genuine political opening...

... elections Hamid Karzai Ashraf Ghani Abdullah Abdullah Barack Obama Pakistan George Bush Taliban Mullah Omar al-Qaeda Islamic State China 136 What divides Afghans more than ethnicity or ideology is an unwillingness to share power and a winner-takes-all approach to politics. Afghanistan...

... California Michael Shifter Cuba Latin America Barack Obama Fidel Castro Raul Havana boycott trade normalization diplomatic relations Cold War PERSPECTIVE For over five decades, no issue so sharp-ly divided the United States from Latin America and the Caribbean as Washington s...

... China India United States United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change Kyoto Protocol carbon emissions greenhouse gas Barack Obama Clean Power Plan Climate change has finally come of age politically. Before the recently concluded Paris negotiations, the issue was not ripe for...

... gay foreign policy Barack Obama Hillary Clinton Uganda United Nations Human Rights Council evangelicals 17 It is premature to gauge the full impact of the developed West s effort to sell gay rights to the developing world, but the early returns are not auspicious . . . The Troubled...

... University of California Ted Henken Archibald Ritter Cuba embargo US barack Obama raul castro prisoner exchange bloqueo auto-bloqueo technology telecom embassy deal growth economy centralization socialism perfect self-employed private sector small-enterprise paquete black...

... Obama barack transatlantic berlin wall Europe European union America U.S. United states institutions NSA national nationalist security agency allies alliances TTIP NATO market atlantic PERSPECTIVE A quarter century after the fall of the Berlin Wall, relations between the United...

... Syria Vladimir Putin Barack Obama Saudi Arabia Qatar Egypt Turkey chemical weapons PERSPECTIVE In the latter part of 2012 and the beginning of 2013, the Russian-backed Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad appeared increasingly vulner- able and likely to fall to a domestic insurgency. Yet...

... Regents of the University of California Shamila Chaudhary Pakistan counterterrorism Afghanistan Sunni Shiite sectarian Al Qaeda Taliban George Bush Barack Obama 152 PERSPECTIVE When the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to oust the Islamic fundamentalist...

... War , Edited by Hy Rothstein and John Arquilla . Georgetown University Press , 2012 . © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013 The Regents of the University of California William Finan Afghanistan Al Qaeda Taliban Barack Obama book review Barnett Rubin Fred...

... California David Lesch Syria intervention Libya Barack Obama Turkey Jordan Muammar el-Qaddafi Bashar al-Assad Russia China Iran 299 We have learned time and again in history that arming opposition forces, while improving their chances in the near term, can militarize and divide a...

... responsibility protect Libya Barack Obama mass atrocities Syria Libya Somalia Rwanda 322 PERSPECTIVE determining whether, when, where, and why to intervene to protect civilians caught in the crosshairs of war and vio- lence increasingly is guided by the responsibil- ity to protect (R2P). With the...

... Russia reset China Barack Obama New START treaty Libya Syria Central Asia 281 PERSPECTIVE Eighteen months ago it appeared that US President Barack Obama was succeeding in improving relations with Moscow, a task that his two predecessors, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, failed to accomplish...