...S. Akbar Zaidi Pakistani elites' aversion to paying taxes leaves the country dependent on foreign aid and beholden to donors. As Washington cools on its old ally, the Chinese and Saudis may fill the void. © 2019 Current History. All rights reserved. 2019 The Regents of the University...

... of Khomeini and the end of the 1980 88 Iran-Iraq war, when President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and his economically liberal supporters allied with conservative political elites to neuter the radical wing of the Islamic Republic s battle- forged leadership. Many of the radicals went into the political...

...William W. Finan, Jr. A new book examines the role of Islam in America, where many citizens continue to view the religion through the prism of terrorism originating in the Middle East. Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam , by Akbar Ahmed . Brookings , 2010 . © 2010 Current...

... Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Revolutionary Guards Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Nabucco pipeline Mohammad Khatami petroleum Basij unemployment Muhammad Ali Jafari 424 A dramatic shift of economic power has taken place away from traditional pri- vate sector groupings and toward select...