...Anastasia Poretskova; Anastasiia Ptichkina; Dina Rosenberg; Eugenia Tarnikova Why do democratization and gender quotas help to empower women politically in some countries, but not in others? This article addresses the question both theoretically and empirically by recognizing the role of historical...

...Frances Millard Poland maintained its open-list PR system but introduced gender quotas in the 2011 parliamentary elections in order to increase the number of women deputies. Yet this change had only a limited impact on women’s representation. The 2011 election confirms that ‘favorable’ electoral...