... of repressive legislation, and the constitutional amendments cycle of 2020–21. While the first cycle prepared the grounds for the 2018 elections, new waves of political protests emerged in 2019/2020. From 2017 to 2019, Interim Commissions on State Sovereignty (ICSSs) were created in both chambers. 1...

... some subnational authorities relied heavily on repressive tactics while others abstained from it. As regime agents aim at preventing mobilization from escalating, in resource abundant localities they must be more proactive. Also, they have to develop organizational capacities and overcome political...

...Radzhana Buyantueva This article examines the impact of external and internal state policies on Russian LGBT activism. Drawing on the political opportunity structure (POS) framework, it focuses on the analysis of two factors (the level of state repression on LGBT people and the direction of state...

... and government transgressions increase the likelihood of anti-government protests. © 2011 The Regents of the University of California. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 2011 The Regents of the University of California Mass movements Protests Repression Game theory prote...