Soviet policy towards the Philippine communist movement has passed through three distinct phases, each of which reflected its different triangular set of relations with the United States and China. During the first era of Soviet and Chinese unity against “US imperialism,” the Soviets aided the formation and growth of Philippine communism and its insurrection against the Philippine government. During the second era of Soviet-Chinese-American triangular enmity the Philippine communist movement split and the Soviets supported one party's non-violent, legal activity while defending the Marcos government politically against the other party's armed insurrection. During the third era of Soviet-Chinese-American detente the Soviets continued to support the Philippine government politically, rejected overtures from the armed communist revolutionaries for its support, but simulaneously promoted a non-violent united political front of all Filipinos, including communists, against the American presence in their country.
University of California Press