... – written language features more difficult words. An important question is whether input modality has effects on word recognition accuracy. In the present study, we investigated whether input modality (spoken, written, or bimodal) affected word recognition accuracy and whether such a modality effect...

...Kristin J. Van Engen; Avanti Dey; Nichole Runge; Brent Spehar; Mitchell S. Sommers; Jonathan E. Peelle This study assessed the effects of age, word frequency, and background noise on the time course of lexical activation during spoken word recognition. Participants (41 young adults and 39 older...