... missions, to popularize romanticized histories of the region. While intended to be visually pleasing, postcards from Southern California in the late 1800s and early 1900s represented a socially constructed history that ignored the realities of these contested sites. Using appeals to nostalgia to frame...

...Damian Bacich In 1833 a group of Mexican-born Franciscans from the College of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Zacatecas was sent to Alta California to replace their Spanish confreres in several of the northern missions. The Franciscan priests were not prepared, however, for the situation they would...

... as a continuation of their previous encounters. During the mission period, Franciscan missionaries could rely on cloth items to attract Indians to mission communities. After living with the Spanish, however, especially after observing the death toll of Spanish-introduced diseases and major changes in the land...