...Raphael Hopstone This article explores an educational unit, developed for the secondary classroom, that critically examines state-led military campaigns against California Indians. The unit, titled “Bloody Island Investigation,” scrutinizes the May 1850 massacre of Pomo Indians by U.S. Army...

... sovereignty, reparations for past injustices, casino gaming regulation, and, of course, disputed points of historical interpretation central to the genocide debate. This essay traces the evolution of the pervasive California Indian scalp bounty myth from its origins in the 1990s and examines the numerous...

...Larisa K. Miller Thousands of Indians in Northern California were landless, impoverished, and all but forgotten at the turn of the twentieth century. The Northern California Indian Association (NCIA), formed by Christian women in the Santa Clara Valley, sought to improve conditions for these people...

... the rise and the fall of Indian apprenticeship within the violent racial context of Humboldt County during the gold rush and the Civil War. KEYWORDS: Native Americans, California Indians, indentured servitude, Indian apprenticeship, Indian slavery, Indian slave trade, unfree labor, Humboldt County...

... on genocide in California and the United States in general. KEYWORDS: California Indians, Genocide, Native Americans, Treaties Accounts are daily coming in from the counties on the Coast Range, of sickening atrocities and wholesale slaughters of great numbers of defenseless Indians. . . . For an evil...