... of the social contract forged in the post-independence period, which was marked by state-led development and high social mobility and a prominent role for the middle class. Neoliberal ‘reforms’ dictated by economic crisis and pressures from transnational capital as well international financial institutions led...

... as another victim of predator neoliberalism. After several Arab states instituted liberalizing policies, and Arab oil states began to deal with world finance on their own, Lebanon’s comparative advantage in financial services evaporated ( Baumann 2016 , 18), with no compensation elsewhere in the economy...

... economically, politically, and ideologically. The first stage is the era of decolonization and the rise of Arab socialism (1952–70); the second stage is the era of globalization of colonialism or neoliberal capitalism (1980–2011), which in the opinion of the author is responsible for the unfolding of events...

...Abdullah Al-Beraidi This study investigates the extent to which neoliberalism could be the cornerstone for economic reform and diversification in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It seeks to determine the most important effects of neoliberalism as well as its social and economic costs...