... with candidates and an electoral process that are open to every tactic of manipulation. This article provides valuable insider information into the specifics and mechanics of Algerian corruption, which even the ruling elite has been obliged to admit constitutes the primary threat to the stability and continuity...

... the possibility of future reform and change in Egypt. This paper examines the electoral promises made by Hosni Mubarak in the 2005 presidential elections and the ensuing economic and political implications for the political succession in Egypt, leading to conclusions about the future processes of economic...

... and electoral process from quarters both within Iraq and globally ( Haddad 2014 ). Before the 2014 elections, UN Women and the Iraq Foundation collaborated to train more than three hundred potential female candidates in aspects of governance and campaigning ( UN Women 2014 ). Eighty-three women (25.3...

... of the Hirak (Movement), which is nowadays comprised of almost 40 different East Bank tribes calling for constitutional monarchism, a fairer electoral system, and an end to corruption. Their main slogan was “the people demand systemic reform” ( al-sha‘b yurid ’islah al-nizam ) ( Doughan 2020 , 7). Ironically...

... the components of society with its political spectrums, and its party organizations? How does the electoral process happen? What are the laws and regulations governing it? To what results will it lead? In order to analyze the content and trends of the democratic practice and to evaluate it in the electoral...

... and a think tank in Iraq. It focuses on policy-making activities, seeking analytical approaches to understanding policy-making processes and building capacity to address the problems of public policies. Its goal is to contribute to meeting the requirements of the democratic transformation in Iraq. It has...

... of corruption in the various sectors of society. Of particular concern to the AACO is the corruption embedded in the judiciary, in the political systems, particularly the electoral systems, or the lack of them, in some Arab countries, and finally in the lack of accountability in the conduct of government...

... judges to oversee the electoral process to ensure no violations took place (Anon. 2007). In 2007, that role of the judges was changed to include overseeing voter participation, but it stripped them of any jurisdiction to take action against violations witnessed (Hauslohner 2010). In 2010 several local...

... in the decision-making process. Women and slaves were excluded. The American Founding Fathers also excluded women and those who could not pay taxes from the electoral process. Only landlords and persons of means were eligible to participate (Zinn 2005, 59 76). The US Consti- tution, taken as a model by many Arab...

... of parliamentary democracy. Some lessons that can be drawn from this whole process, in terms of both its key features and contradictions, and its link with certain aspects of particular countries revolutionary past, will also be suggested. First and foremost, these include the under- standing that whatever...

... that seeks to secede or exploit the democratic transformation process through holding key political positions and economic resources. The democratic transition must also eliminate corruption so that it does not become a tool in the hands of the corrupt officials who may try to make the transitional process...

..., since its structure and apparatus remained unable to promote or protect the right of individ- uals to form and join associations, restricting them from practising their activities. When it comes to laws pertaining to engaging in political rights and electoral laws, the Iraqi Election Law faced a serious...

... facilitated corruption, falsification, authoritarianism and the arbitrary use of power. It is important to prevent representative institutions from becoming soulless structures, stop the wide- spread falsification of elections and end electoral machinations in favour of the ruling party. Corrupt...

...Guillem Farrés-Fernández The interest of the Lebanese elites who launched the security sector reform (SSR) process was in to regain control and influence over the security sector more than to create independent institutions respectful of human rights. At a time of deep social and political crisis...

... and a post-conflict stability through the formation of an accommodating government does not necessarily establish the base to ensure good governance and security in the long term. Conversely, in Lebanon, it created the conditions for corruption to proliferate, while veto power exercised by representatives...

... to the timetable announced by the Higher Elections Commission, that the door for nominations would open on 8 February and the electoral process itself would begin on 21 March and end on 7 May so that the House of Represen- tatives could hold its inaugural sitting before the end of June 2015. However...

... was adapted and to what extent in Mauritanian political practice, irrespective of whether it meant absolute distinction between the legislative and executive authorities, or the taking of control of the electoral process in order to produce a legislative authority that solely existed to ratify...

..., and their implications on the overall outcome (Norris 1997). The second set of issues that scholars examine is regime manipulation of electoral systems and processes, and why different parties are included or excluded from participating in elections (Lust-Okar 2005, pp. 75 88). Although these approaches are important...

... with Jordan s King Abdullah II in Amman the latest developments of the Palestinian issue and efforts to resume the peace process (Al-Nahar, Beirut, 31 August 2015). . Israel s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow to discuss security concerns in the Syrian Golan...

... not involve an approach that includes technology-enhanced mechanisms (the classic train-and-equip approach) and a superficial fight against corruption and crime within state structures. The centrality of the king has overshadowed many of the analyses on Morocco’s democratization process. The emphasis...