... led by Gamal Abdel Nasser and the events of 2011, it traces the developments and changing political and strategic trajectories of the three presidents Nasser, Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak. The case of Egypt is examined here as ‘an instance of a class of events’ focusing on phenomena related...

... Unity Studies 2014 Arab world class structure influential middle class stable middle class poor middle class civilizational transformations class formations class consciousness class relations Middle class transformations in the Arab World Ahmad Mousa Badawi* Freelance Social Science...

... training in the social sciences, and as to whether they thought the social sciences were essential to their formation. All eleven students stated that the hawza did not offer any such training. Five students said that a slight element of the social sciences could be found in the ethics class, and three...

... of the agreement argue that the maintenance of the Ta’if agreement, rather than realizing peace in a divided society, serves the interests of a class of politicians, defined by Baumann (2012) as a “new contractor bourgeoisie,” that takes advantage of sectarianism to develop patron–clients relations and exploit...

... the formation of a particular social group as radical (or revolutionary), which might be different from the classical Marxism vision (not a working class), the basic concepts of theory must, therefore, be reconsidered. We should not shy away from rethinking the model, or even abandoning any preconceived...

... article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, www.ucpress.edu/journals.php?p=reprints . 2018 Palestinian political field Israeli settler-colonialism Palestinian Authority PLO Palestinian cultural field new middle class intifada...

... of sectors of the middle class and the political elite. Understanding this process fully, however, requires a different analytical perspective than that advanced in the book. Such a perspective should adopt the terminology not of “state-building” but of “bantustanization,” and should not discuss “uneven...

... (as in an Althusserian concept) explains the war’s continuity. Force is a class, a social relationship of being to consciousness, in the process of reproduction, defended by an instrumentalization of state or states. As per the hypothesis, it is imperative for the US–Saudi–Israeli triad to curtail Houthi...

.... Therefore, it was understood that they did not pose a threat to the political system in the way the Muslim Brotherhood did, as some families believed. This raises questions about the type of social classes that the Islamist groups generally aim at. This is especially in view of two prevalent beliefs...

... and their analysts. The study looks at what it called “the five major defects” of neoliberalism: an unfair class system; lack of social solidarity; the debt trap; communal protests; and marketization and commoditization. Five warnings were made to the citizens of the Gulf States: to avoid impoverishment; to be wary...

... and deep alterations in society.” Theda Skocpol, an American sociologist and political scientist, provides a structural explanation of revolution ( Skocpol 1979 , 4). She believes that revolution is a rapid, basic transformation of a society’s state and class structures; and revolutions are accompanied...

...-populist authoritarian regimes (PPA) (Hinnebusch 2006, 383 386). The adjustment to external challenges resulted in an oligarchical trans- formation where new oligarchies maintained their grip on the core of state activities and continued to co-opt the middle class through the promise of business...

... divided according to class categories of urban versus Bedouin, and regional division between Hijazis and Najdis in Saudi Arabia ( Al-Mutairi 2011 ). As consolidated identity is supposed to be a bulwark against the marginalization of any class or group in the community and where fragmented societies...

... of education and urbanization and an increase in the size of the middle class might ease the process of democratization. The impact of the social factor on the process of democratization is also debatable. Some believe that ethnic and sectarian pluralism often hinders the transitional process as ethnic...

... equipment and technical expertise ( Challand 2009 ; Hamdan 2011 ; Hilal 2003 ). Aid has also created a situation in which a few urban-based mega-organizations have become the greatest beneficiaries of donor funds being run by a newly emerged middle class of Palestinian elites ( Hanafi and Tabar 2003...

...), but through diverse social classes—particularly traders, the mercantile class, and Sufis. Islamicate rules are similar to those of the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which affirmed as an elementary proposition that each state would follow its own distinct religion. The only difference being Islamic rule...

... been at the center of business circles at the expense of the East Bank tribes. For Sean Yom, this growing class of businessmen and bourgeoisie benefitted from market-oriented economic policies and also brought various demands for more participation in the political sphere ( Yom 2014 , 231...

... in social sciences and humanities. This movement was fuelled by the rise of urban classes interested in these “sciences of the mind.” Linguistics, philology, and theology in the Abbasid period had accommodated and even embraced the new sciences. “These social groups offered scientists a ready-made language...

... discrimination. It also means “liberation from the constraints of quotas, class, and administrative and political corruption.” It means the rule of the people by the people for the people—in the words of Abraham Lincoln (1861–65) who tried to reform the status of “slaves” in American society, restore the states...

..., daily newspapers and network links. Cinema imposes itself There can be no doubt that cinema has overcome these problematic and contentious issues. This is due not only to the overwhelming pace of technological development, impossible to withstand once it became accessible to the lower classes...