... Unity Studies 2014 Arab world class structure influential middle class stable middle class poor middle class civilizational transformations class formations class consciousness class relations Middle class transformations in the Arab World Ahmad Mousa Badawi* Freelance Social Science...

... discrimination. It also means “liberation from the constraints of quotas, class, and administrative and political corruption.” It means the rule of the people by the people for the people—in the words of Abraham Lincoln (1861–65) who tried to reform the status of “slaves” in American society, restore the states...

... ] f[imacr ] ? (The problematic of authenticity and contemporaneity in modern and contemporary Arab thought: class struggle or cultural problem5 Below I offer an abridged translation of this paper with two goals in mind. The first is to make available in English al-J[amacr ] bri s own concise...

... be measured empirically, has had disastrous cultural and ideological implications for the Arab world after 2010. Undermining the socialist foundations of Arab unity led to a disastrous ideological implication. The rise of identity politics and sectoral consciousness undermined class-based politics in favor...

... led by Gamal Abdel Nasser and the events of 2011, it traces the developments and changing political and strategic trajectories of the three presidents Nasser, Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak. The case of Egypt is examined here as ‘an instance of a class of events’ focusing on phenomena related...

... unfair, discriminatory reality: Such a double life, with double thoughts, double duties, and double social classes, must give rise to double words and double ideals, and tempt the mind to pretence or revolt, to hypocrisy or to radicalism (Du Bois 1903, 202). Additionally, drawing on that Duboisian...

.... However, there is a resurgence of Arab and Islamic consciousness, but this is an issue for another debate. In the final analysis, the author argues that Muslims need to recreate an intellectual class capable of critical reasoning. A bourgeois class becomes an imperative to support such intellectual...

... to surrender their weapons to a new political class that has not completely earned their trust. Hall al-niza at fi al-tarbiyyah al- arabiyyah [Conflict resolution in Arab education], by Yazid Issa al-Shawrati, Beirut, Centre for Arab Unity Studies (CAUS), 2015, 224 pp., ISBN 9789953827216 This study, which...

... States responds to Chinese challenges, and the Chinese elite’s ability to create an ideology that is on a par with world class standards. Jarbawi concludes his book with a systematic prognosis of the required behavior of Arab and Islamic civilization. The Arab nation has to come out of its shell...

..., and political system with moral human values and associations, the class struggle disappears and ends the “workers’ estrangement” from the income of their work and their political and social takeover. Everyone is an actor, an active participant, and there is no place in the whole socio-political and economic...

... many challenges, the most remarkable of which were the conflict between secularism and Islam, the Kurdish question, class issues, and the role of the military establishment in Turkish political life. In this respect, the author sites the elections of 1950 that shook Ataturk’s ruling Republican...

...), but through diverse social classes—particularly traders, the mercantile class, and Sufis. Islamicate rules are similar to those of the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which affirmed as an elementary proposition that each state would follow its own distinct religion. The only difference being Islamic rule...

..., in this context, would enrich any in-class discussion of the role of women in the decolonization of the Arab world. These stories transcend time and personal agony to become larger-than-life narratives. The Arab contemporary public sphere has been marked by the appearance of Arab rappers whose lyrics call...

... consciousness and increasing political activism locally, spurred on by the formation of a national working class in the oil sector in tandem with the rising currents of Arab Nationalism and Leftist forces within the region. By 1971, all of the GCC countries had officially become independent, with the oil...

..., especially in colonized societies. The communists struggle against colonialism is a natural phenomenon, and this applies to the Arab world as well as to Palestine. Moreover, Arab unity is also a demand as a material and developmental need for the popular classes which are sup- posed, at least according...

..., regional, ethnic, and based on class and profession. As pointed out above, these elements can overlap others, forming circles that may be shared with individuals from other societies. These may be ethnic, linguistic, religious, tribal, and sectarian. Castells (1997, 7) argues that all identities...

... is to be averted. Gross income disparities and inequalities such as those the author details, which are intrinsic to the system, must be rectified; and in what is most germane in the present context, the Syrian middle class can no longer be placated or controlled through the typical strategies that the regime has...

...-states structured in classes; in a word no starting point to initiate their research. It is probably for this reason that Arab sociologists believe that Western soci- ology is not applicable to their societies (University of San a 2009), and resort to theArab- Islamic heritage in developing a native...

... character based on value orientations were related to social and historical contexts (Barakat 1993). One finding was that value orientations in Arab society differ according to social class and exposure to the Western world (pp. 3 4). In the author s view: while making assessments on these value...

..., the basis of the military was “arabized” in order to counter the traditionally Amazig composite ( Zartman 1987 ). The promotion of Islamism within its ranks was also meant to counter secularist, and class consciousness, partly responsible for the involvement of some officials in the coups ( Saaf 2012...