... for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, www.ucpress.edu/journals.php?p=reprints . 2018 comparative morphology dichotomous key parsimony phylogenetic trees synapomorphy tree thinking 18S small subunit...

..., determine polarity through outgroup comparison, and construct a parsimonious tree based on synapomorphies (shared derived characters). This activity efficiently demonstrates many systematics concepts, including homology, homoplasy (convergence and reversal), polarity, synapomorphy, symplesiomorphy...

... for current tree”. Select “Tree length” followed by “OK”. Select “Stored Matrices” followed by “OK”. To print trees, look under the “File” menu for “Save tree as PDF” and then print the PDF file. Phylogeny morphology parsimony clade cladistics polytomy synapomorphy Occam’s razor...