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Keywords: heredity
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Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2018) 80 (1): 21–28.
Published: 01 January 2018
... or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, www.ucpress.edu/journals.php?p=reprints . 2018 computational thinking genetics heredity molecular genetics protein synthesis Figure 2. Abstraction (left) and Iteration...
Abstract
One of the eight Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) scientific practices is using mathematics and computational thinking (CT). CT is not merely a data analysis tool, but also a problem-solving tool. By utilizing computing concepts, people can sequentially and logically solve complex science and engineering problems. In this article, we share a successful lesson using protein synthesis to teach CT. This lesson focuses primarily on modeling and simulation practices with an extension activity focusing on the computational problem-solving practices of CT. We identify and define five CT concepts within the aforementioned practices that form the foundation of CT: algorithm, abstraction, iteration, branching, and variable. In this lesson, we utilize a game to familiarize students with CT basics, and then use their new CT foundation to design, construct, and evaluate algorithms within the context of protein synthesis. As an optional extension to the lesson, students enter the problem-solving environment to create a program that translates mRNA triplet codons to an amino acid chain. We argue that biology classrooms are ideal contexts for CT learning because biological processes function as a system, and understanding how the system functions requires algorithmic thinking and problem-solving skills.
Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2017) 79 (7): 525–537.
Published: 01 September 2017
... ). Science teaching as a dialogue—Bakhtin, Vygotsky and some applications in the classroom . Science & Education , 14 ( 6 ), 501 – 534 . Kevles, D. J. ( 1985 ). In the name of eugenics: Genetics and the uses of human heredity . No. 95. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press . Lee, S. S...
Abstract
Teaching the topic of genetics in relationship to ancestry and race generates many questions, and requires a teaching strategy that encourages perspective-based exploration and discussion. We have developed a set of dialogues for discussing the complex science of genetics, ancestry, and race that is contextualized in real human interactions and that contends with the social and ethical implications of this science. This article provides some brief historical and scientific context for these dialogues, describes their development, and relates how we have used them in different ways to engage diverse groups of science learners. The dialogue series can be incorporated into classroom or informal science education settings. After listening to or performing the dialogues and participating in a discussion, students will: (1) recognize misunderstandings about the relationship between DNA and race; (2) describe how DNA testing services assign geographic ancestry; (3) explain how scientific findings have been used historically to promote institutionalized racism and the role personal biases can play in science; (4) identify situations in their own life that have affected their understanding of genetics and race; and (5) discuss the potential consequences of the racialization of medicine as well as other fallacies about the connection of science and race.
Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2015) 77 (7): 492–499.
Published: 01 September 2015
... science (biology) research in biology education genetics heredity molecular genetics Gregor Mendel At least one computer per student group with Virtual Genetics Lab II (VGL II) installed (see Resources) Handout with discussion questions for day 1 (see Appendix ) Edited version of...
Abstract
Students often have difficulty understanding inheritance patterns and issues associated with the nature of science as a process. To help address these issues, we developed a unit plan based on Gregor Mendel’s well-known research on inheritance patterns among pea plants. The unit introduces students to Mendel’s background and the questions he sought to address. Students then conduct their own investigation, using Virtual Genetics Lab II (VGLII) software to attempt to confirm Mendel’s results. In the course of completing their investigations, students learn about alternative inheritance patterns to Mendelian genetics. The unit was created in the context of a college introductory biology course but could be implemented in a high school course.
Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2015) 77 (6): 452–457.
Published: 01 August 2015
... transcription translation DNA gene expression heredity Figure 3. Poster-size images with phrases, questions, and sticky notes to indicate structures, processes, new ideas, and descriptions can be used to anchor class discussions at any point along the process of tying concepts together. Prompting...
Abstract
Students often find it challenging to create images of complex, abstract biological processes. Using modified storyboards, which contain predrawn images, students can visualize the process and anchor ideas from activities, labs, and lectures. Storyboards are useful in assessing students’ understanding of content in larger contexts. They enable students to use models to construct explanations, with evidence to support hypotheses – practices emphasized in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Storyboards provide an opportunity for performance assessment of students’ content knowledge against a backdrop of observing patterns, determining scale, and establishing relationships between structure and function – crosscutting concepts within the NGSS framework.
Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2013) 75 (3): 178–184.
Published: 01 March 2013
...-enhanced curriculum designed to help students learn about cells and heredity. Our findings suggest that the instruction aided students in progressing to more sophisticated levels of understanding, especially by reviewing non-normative ideas and integrating new content into their previous understandings...
Abstract
This study explores upper-elementary and early-middle-school students’ ideas about cells and inheritance and describes patterns of understanding for these topics. Data came from students’ responses to embedded assessments included in a technology-enhanced curriculum designed to help students learn about cells and heredity. Our findings suggest that the instruction aided students in progressing to more sophisticated levels of understanding, especially by reviewing non-normative ideas and integrating new content into their previous understandings. Students, however, tended to struggle in distinguishing genes, chromosomes, and DNA and had some difficulties connecting the cell division process with the inheritance of genetic material.
Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2012) 74 (3): 151–156.
Published: 01 March 2012
... intelligible. (in Barlow, 1958 , p. 130) History of science Charles Darwin heredity nature of science References Barlow, N., Ed. (1958). The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his grand-daughter Nora Barlow...
Abstract
This article discusses a number of aspects of the nature of science that can be illustrated by considering the development of pangenesis, a principle proposed by Charles Darwin to describe the rules of inheritance, explain the source of new variation, and solve other natural history puzzles. Pangenesis – although false – can be used to illustrate important nature of science ideas such as the need for empirical evidence, the use of inductive reasoning, the creative component of science, the role of bias and subjectivity, social and personal influences on science, and the notion that scientific knowledge is tentative but durable, yet self correcting.
Journal Articles
The American Biology Teacher (2012) 74 (2): 86–91.
Published: 01 February 2012
..., the major U.S. supporter of evolution, Darwin remarked: "[Y]ou give an excellent idea of pangenesis – an infant cherished by few as yet, except his tender parent, but which will live a long life" ( Letter 6167, 8 May 1868 ). History of science Charles Darwin evolution heredity...
Abstract
This article recounts the story of the development of pangenesis, a principle proposed by Charles Darwin to describe the rules of inheritance and the source of new variation, two concepts vital to his proposal of evolution by natural selection. Historical accounts such as this are infrequently included in texts and classroom discussions but can serve a number of useful proposes. Pangenesis was ultimately shown to be an inaccurate idea, and one of Darwin's few errors, but this account is an interesting case study to illustrate both how science itself works and a rare glimpse into Darwin's thinking and personality.